Myofascial Release

Circulatory Effects

MFR appears to enhance blood flow to restricted tissues, particularly at the microcirculatory level within the fascia. A recent study found that MFR treatment led to a significant increase in blood flow, with a 31.6% increase immediately after treatment and a 48.7% increase at follow-up. This improved circulation may boost oxygen and nutrient delivery and aid in the removal of metabolic waste.

Fibroblast Activity and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

The sustained pressure characteristic of MFR is believed to stimulate fibroblast activity and extracellular matrix reorganization.  Fibroblasts are specialized cells that produce and maintain the structural framework of tissues, including fascia. When MFR is applied, the mechanical pressure is converted into biochemical signals within these cells. This process, known as mechanotransduction, can trigger various cellular responses.

As a result, fibroblasts may become more active, potentially increasing their production of collagen, elastin, and other components of the extracellular matrix - the complex network of proteins and molecules surrounding cells. This increased activity and the reorganization of the extracellular matrix are thought to play important roles in fibrogenesis (the formation of new fibrous tissue) and fascial repair.  By influencing these cellular and molecular processes, MFR may help restore the health and function of fascia, potentially reducing pain and improving mobility.

Inflammatory Modulation

MFR has shown significant effects on the body's inflammatory response. Research indicates that it can help reduce edema (swelling caused by excess fluid in tissues) and regulate apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the treated areas.

The sustained pressure applied during MFR is thought to act like a gentle pump. This mechanical action may help flush out inflammatory chemicals and cellular waste products that accumulate in damaged or restricted tissues. By doing so, MFR might accelerate the resolution of inflammation and promote a healthier cellular environment.

The potential of MFR to normalize apoptotic rates is particularly interesting. In some conditions, excessive cell death can contribute to tissue dysfunction. By helping to balance this process, MFR may support tissue repair and regeneration. It's important to note that while these effects have been observed in studies, the exact mechanisms are still being investigated. More research is needed to fully understand how MFR might influcence these complex biological processes.

Neuromuscular and Autonomic Effects

One of the most recognized mechanisms of MFR is its impact on neuromuscular physiology and the autonomic nervous system. Fascia is packed with sensory neurons called mechanoreceptors that respond to pressure. MFR techniques are thought to stimulate mechanorecptors which signal the central nervous system, resulting in a decrease in sympathetic NS (fight-or-flight) activity and an increase in parasympathetic NS (rest and digest) activity.  The quality and amount of evidence is improving regarding the neuromuscular and autonomic effects of MFR, but require further research to fully understand their clinical implications.

Viscosity Changes in Ground Substance

MFR is thought to alter the viscosity of the connective tissue's ground substance. The mechanical pressure of MFR may help move fluid and change fascial viscosity from a gel-like, sticky state to a more fluid one.

Psychological Effects

The placebo effect likely contributes to the benefits experienced by myofascial release (MFR) recipients. This doesn't diminish MFR's effectiveness but highlights how the treatment context enhances outcomes. Very robust evidence, spanning all forms of therapy, shows us that positive expectations can trigger real physiological changes and that the treatment ritual itself can activate healing responses.